A Mission Statement For Your Home Computer - 924 Words

2. What is a mission statement? What is a vision statement? What is a values statement? Why are they important? A mission statement is a key tool that can be used to define an organization’s statement of purpose- who they are and what they do. A good mission statement can communicate succinctly what the target goals and consumers of the organization are. On the other hand, a vision statement is communicates the underlying reason why the company seeks to accomplish their mission statement and provides a strategy on how to implement their goals. A values statement describes the beliefs of the organization. This statement essentially highlights what set of values the organization subscribes to. Mission, vision and value statements are all an important part of any organization’s message to its employees and consumers. An effective statement can serve as a set of guidelines and metrics for employees to measure goals. In addition, effective statements can function as great marketing tools to consumers. 3. Design an incident response plan for your home computer if there is a fire exploring actions taken before, during and after the incident (see page 85 in book for a hint). Before Fire Incident: Users: 1. Preparation- ensure that you user has been trained in incident response to handle potential incidents and hazards. Prior security awareness training is highly recommended. 2. Make sure that all computer hardware, circuits and outlets are properly working. 3. Check fire alarmsShow MoreRelatedThe Characteristics Of Information Security1156 Words   |  5 Pagescannot read, alter or gain access to it. This creates a layer of protection so that the information can be deciphered only by the authorized parties. The goal of using an encryption system is to protect the privacy of any digitally stored data on a computer system or data transmitted through the internet. Encryption can help protect systems fight viruses and malware that can be used to gain access to private information. Breach of confidential information can spell disaster for any organization andRead MoreAnalysis Of Lee Canter s Video The Power Of Mission 985 Words   |  4 PagesIn Lee Canter’s video â€Å"The Power of Mission† (1993) he questions the initial motives that teachers had entering the field. Many teachers entering the field of education have a crystal clear view of what they want to accomplish. However, as time progresses teachers lose sight of wha t they wanted to do (Canter, 1993). They become bogged down by the demands of the job and life and have a hard time seeing the beauty in what they do. Canter offers a remedy for teachers all teachers, especially those who’veRead MoreStrategic Management : Objectives And Objectives Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagessales and to focus on computer related products and services. This is one of the cases of how strategic management process was used to improve the business operations. This involved re- assessing all the products and services, groping employee performance, procurement rate, delivery progression and customer satisfaction. 2. The possible advantages of having a well-defined and narrow versus broad and general vision/mission statement is that a well defined vision/mission statement can be motivatingRead MoreEssay about informative speech Bill Gates1577 Words   |  7 Pageswriting your informative speech that’s a third of our grade, during every break I had. We all, including myself, procrastinate. We can all thank Bill Gates for making our times of procrastination slightly more bearable by creating the Microsoft software that is accessible, easy to use and constantly evolving to meet consumer needs.    B. Thesis Statement:  Today I am going to inform you about Bill Gates who invented Microsoft software and started what is now known as the largest computer softwareRead MoreWhat Makes A Business?926 Words   |  4 PagesMajoring in business can be quite amusing because your able to work in almost any business whether it’s in the stock market industry, fashion industry, Design industry, or even technology industry. So why study business? Well there are many different business degrees to choose from, offering different benefits and specializations to people with different career goals and people who are also developing at different stages. I believe that business people always strive for being transparent becauseRead MoreThe On The Integrity Of An Asset Is Reliable, Precise And Is Not Altered By Unauthorized People1390 Words   |  6 Pagesto access a resource (pre queries formatted to access a database for example). Three organizational principles involved in addressing the threats related to integrity: the least privilege that gives the minimum necessary rights to carry out its mission and the separation of power / responsibilities that splits actions allowing a serial passage or modification of any entry into a number of responsibilities, in order to make it harder to fraud or unauthorized modification, requiring several levelsRead MorePolicy and Strategy Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pageshow they differ in strategy management and implementation while simultaneously identifying the importance of strategic management. Let us begin with a brief history of both companies. Best Buy Mission Statement: Best Buy’s vision is to make life fun and easy for consumers. The company‟s stated mission is to treat customers as unique individuals, meeting their needs with end-to-end solutions, and engaging and energizing its employees to serve them, while maximizing overall profitability. Read MoreCloud Computing : Cutting Edge Technology1351 Words   |  6 Pagesis eco-friendly and will back up your mission statement by protecting and beautifying the world. Project Description Cloud computing allows the owner to build a private infrastructure as a service for their company. Once installed, you will gain capacity in your workplace since it operates much like a cloud, hovering above instead of occupying space around you. Your company can grant various users the capability to interact on your cloud, therefore giving access toRead MoreWhat Is The Validity Of A Website?831 Words   |  4 PagesWhen measuring a website’s reliability the elements to considered would consist of who runs this website and what is their mission, can you contact the organization, and do they want your personal information (National Library of Medicine, 2012). When critiquing MyHealth.Alberta.ca it is clearly labelled as a Government of Alberta website. The mission statement was found under the â€Å"About Us† link which stated the intention of the site was to help Albertans retrieve easy-to-understand health informationRead MoreEssay about Navigating the Online Environm ent Guide1330 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Learning Environment Navigation Guide Introduction Learning how to navigate the online classroom environment is essential to your academic success. GCU’s Learning Management System (LMS) LoudCloud and the GCU Web site have many resources to help you become a successful graduate student. Directions View the LoudCloud Walk to Class Tutorial as well as search LoudCloud to find answers to the first 9 questions below. Search the GCU Web site for answers to the second set of 10 questions

Business Class Free Essays

1) Go to the Bureau of Economic Analysis’s Webb site (www. bea. gov) and locate the gross domestic product data. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Class or any similar topic only for you Order Now Compare the annual figure for the last four years. What do the figures indicate for the next couple of years? In 2007 it was 4. 9%, in 2008 it was 1. 9%, in 2009 it was -2. 5%, in 2010 it was 4. 2%. 2011 is not yet out. These numbers indicated a rapid decrease and a rapid bounce back. I think for the next couple of years, the figures will rise again before a decrease comes again. ) At the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Web site (www. bls. gov) under Industries, click on Industries at a Glance to find the information about the manufacturing industry. What is the employment trend in manufacturing over the last four years (percentage change from the preceding period)? The unemployment percentage has been going down over the past four years. We are coming off of a 7. 9% unemployment rate. ) Return to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ home page and use the Search feature to find trends in employment for the state of Illinois. Look around the Web site to see what other informatio n is available. Plot the trend in manufacturing employment in Illinois over the last four years. On your own, discuss what economic changes may have influenced that trend. In 2009, there was a big unemployment filing from the manufacturing industry due to job loss. That year there was about 65,000 jobs lossed in the manufacturing field. It went from 620k in January to 553k in December. It has been staying around 560k-570k over the past few years though. There are many reasons the manufacturing employment has dropped. Automation, technology, outsourcing, and other things factor in for the decline in jobs since 2009. 4)Based on the information you have gathered, write a brief summary of what may happen to company sales over the next couple years. Based on what I have gathered, company sales will increase How to cite Business Class, Papers

Andy Worhal Essay Example For Students

Andy Worhal Essay Andy Warhol, the American painter, printmaker, illustrator, and film maker was born in Pittsburgh on August 6, 1928, shortly afterwards settling in New York. The only son of immigrant, Czech parents, Andy finished high school and went on to the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, graduating in 1949 with hopes of becoming an art teacher in the public schools. While in Pittsburgh, he worked for a department store arranging window displays, and often was asked to simply look for ideas in fashion magazines . While recognizing the job as a waste of time, he recalls later that the fashion magazines gave me a sense of style and other career opportunities. Upon graduating, Warhol moved to New York and began his artistic career as a commercial artist and illustrator for magazines and newspapers. Although extremely shy and clad in old jeans and sneakers, Warhol attempted to intermingle with anyone at all who might be able to assist him in the art world. His portfolio secure in a brown paper bag, Warhol introduced himself and showed his work to anyone that could help him out. Eventually, he got a job with Glamour magazine, doing illustrations for an article called Success is a Job in New York, along with doing a spread showing womens shoes. Proving his reliability and skills, he acquired other such jobs, illustrating adds for Harpers Bazaar, Millers Shoes, contributing to other large corporate image-building campaigns, doing designs for the Upjohn Company, the National Broadcasting Company and others. In these early drawings, Warhol used a device that would prove beneficial throughout his commercial art period of the 1950s-a tentative, blotted ink line produced by a simple monotype process. First he drew in black ink on glazed, nonabsorbent paper. Then he would press the design against an absorbent sheet. As droplets of ink spread, gaps in the line filled in-or didnt, in which case they created a look of spontaneity. Warhol mastered thighs method, and art directors of the 1950s found in adaptable to nearly any purpose. This method functioned provided him with a hand-scale equivalent of a printing press, showing his interest in mechanical reproduction that dominates much of his future work. Such techniques used for almost all of his works derived from his beginning in the commercial arts. His pattern of aesthetic and artistic innovation, to expect the unexpected, began with his advertising art in the 1950s. Much of his future subject matter can be placed in the realm of such common, everyday objects, that were focused on in these early times. Nearly all of Warhols works relate in one way or another to the commercially mass-produced machine product. Hence, Warhols future artwork and techniques were greatly influenced by his rather humble beginnings. Although Warhol did receive recognition for much of his commercial illustrations during those times, he was constantly pursuing another career as well-that of a serious artist. Unfortunately, Warhol was not so successful at first in obtain this goal. His delicate ink drawings of shoes and cupids, among various others, had no place in a decade dominated by such heroic artists as William de Kooning and Jackson Pollock. Warhol And Pop Art Pop Art emerged in the US in the early 1960s, at first completely unacknowledged. During its beginning, Pop Art was often seen as an insult to the roles of such artists as Pollock and de Kooning, who were leading a revival of Abstract Expressionist, an abrupt and conspicuous dialectical reaction to a great wave of abstraction, at mid-century. Emerging with considerable fanfare, mainly condemnation, but by 1963-64, it suddenly began being extensively exhibited, published, and consumed as a cultural phenomenon By the early 60s, Warhol became determined to establish himself as a serious painter, as well as to gain the respect of such famous artists of the time such as Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg, whose work he had recently come to know and admire. He began by painting a series of pictures based on crude advertisements and on images from comic strips. 4th grade Living Things Unit 4, Lesson 1Among the most iconic Death and Disaster images in the Electric Chair. (1963) According to Warhol, his replication of this image, both within the single composition and from painting to painting, was intended to empty the image of its meaning. The electric chair is shown from the front, fully visible, showing a sign reading SILENCE, the sign exclamating the emptiness of the execution chamber. The image, the chamber empty , showing only the sign, represents death as an absence and complete silence, a complete void. This notion was characteristic of Warhol, who once said I never understood why when you died, you didnt just vanish and everything could just keep going the way it was, only you just wouldnt be there, and who often stated that he wanted a blank tombstone when he died. Many wonder why Warhol chose such imagery to focus on, and he himself gives little reason. For some of these works, in which he shows images repeated relatively unchanged, he was attempting to lessen the shock of the viewer, recognizing such events for their face value, as everyday occurrences. When you see a gruesome picture over and over again, it doesnt really have and effect. As in the Jackies, images of the recently assassinated President Kennedys grieving widow, were repeated to reinforce the obsessive ways that our thoughts keep returning to a tragedy, and stress the flash of fame these little known(suicides) victims achieve in death. This can be said to be consistent with Warhols claim that everyone will be famous for 15 minutes. In this, does he mean by tragedy? Others claim the initial context for these subjects was journalistic- as an artist trained in drawing and pictorial design, he was obviously predisposed to consider the front page of the news and other media items in visual , artistic terms-as a media junkie who continually pursued and collected printed matter, he was drawn into a network of sensationalized intimacies with the protagonists of the news. Regardless, there is a tie between these images and his celebrity portraits. Warhol took up the theme of suicide shortly after his first meditations on Marilyn Monroes death. While doing those works, he said to have realized that everything I was doing must have been death. Thus, the idea of death was not a new one for him, and thereby his choice of subject matter may not have been completely random. Throughout the Death and Disaster paintings, Warhol makes use of background color to serve various functions. Mostly, throughout the series, he avoids the use of primary colors, using mainly secondaries, such as oranges, lavenders, and pinks, the types of colors you would expect to find in a wallpaper store. His use of background color in the Death and Disaster paintings is mostly extrinsic to the content of the images. In some, such as Lavender Disaster, the background color seems to intensify the effect of alienation created by the realism of the visual content. In others, such as Atomic Bomb, the red-orange color serves a supporting role. The images Warhol selected for these paintings were gruesome, though he showed again his brilliant eye for such images so effective in shocking the viewer. With an eye for the eccentricity of an individual event, Warhols paintings capture the unpredictable choreography of death. Using a broad range of images, from car crashes, suicides, burn victims, funerals, riots, to the culmination with the atomic bomb, Warhol succeeded in giving the viewer what one expected of Warhol; to expect the unexpected.

My Beloved Mother Essay Example

My Beloved Mother Essay Her name is Salina Binti Yusoff. She was born at 22 June 1960, 3 years after our country got its independence. She is the youngest in her family of ten siblings. My mother have five sisters and four brothers. They are part of my big family. Let we tell you about my mother background. She didn’t get any education because her family is not ability to support her studies. As an eldest sister, she must be take care of her sisters and her brothers. Sometimes, she helps her father and her mother at the farm and always prepare for breakfast, lunch and dinner. She likes sewing and gardening. She married with my father when she was around 27 years old. After many years, she got my eldest brother and three years later my sister was born. And the last, I was born in 1997. She is a the kind and responsible mother. Every morning, she prepare the breakfast for our family and make sure we brought the food to school. At the same time, she likes my friend because I always share my problems with her. She is very concerned about her family especially about our health. As her daughter, I love her very much and never person can replace her in my heart. She is a great mother to my family and in the world. I hope, I can be like her in the future. I promise with myself that I want make her life happy and hope she is proud to have are her daughter. May ALLAH bless her every time . We will write a custom essay sample on My Beloved Mother specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Beloved Mother specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Beloved Mother specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

10 Amazing Fantasy Novels You Need to Read Now

10 Amazing Fantasy Novels You Need to Read Now From feminist fantasy to African mythology to Muslim writers inspired by ancient Arabia, weve compiled a list of some amazing (and wonderfully diverse) fantasy novels you need to read if you love the genre. Many on this list are new authors who have recently published their debut fantasy novel, or established authors who have made it to the New York Times Bestsellers list with a fresh foray into fantasy after publishing in other genres.Whether youre looking for a coming-of-age Young Adult fantasy story or an old-school dive into the Dungeons Dragons universe, there should be something on this list just right for your tastes. New fantasy authors are subverting and reinventing the genre, opening up a golden age in fantasy writing, so happy reading!New fantasy authors are subverting and reinventing the genre, opening up a golden age in fantasy writing. Photo by Matteo Kutufa on Unsplash.The Womens War by Jenna GlassPraised as an epic feminist fantasy for the #MeToo era, The Womens War is Jenna Glasss debut fantasy novel and is the tale of a revolutionary spell that gives women the ability to control their own fertility. Set in neighboring kingdoms ruled by kings and noblemen, the tale offers imaginative worldbuilding coupled with magic that only women can wield- magic which threatens to tear down the patriarchal structure in which women are nothing more than property and bargaining chips. When a young disinherited daughter of a king and a widowed mother of two adolescent children discover it, their world and experience as women will never be the same.Getting Wilde By Jenn StarkAs the first book in the 11-volume Immortal Vegas series, Jenn Starks Getting Wilde has been praised by critics as hilarious, sexy, and thrillingly high action. This urban fantasy series follows Sara Wilde, a magical artifacts hunter and rescuer of young psychics being sold on the black market. With the help of a Tarot deck, she helps clients find things- magical things, in fact. When a new job offers her a big payday, the stakes include breaking into the Vatican and getting too close for comfort to the Devil.Enter Saras most mysterious client, the wickedly sexy Magician, with a job that could yield the ultimate payday. All shell have to do is get behind Vatican walls... and steal the Devil himself. Complete with an ancient and mysterious magical Council, militant forces seeking to destroy all magic, demigods, twisting catacombs and Rome and Vegas rowdy nightlife, Sara confronts the underworld of magic in an exciting read that is hard to put down.We Hunt the Flame by Hafsah FaizalJust released this month, Hafsah Faizals debut fantasy novel, We Hunt the Flame, is hailed as lyrical and spellbinding and Paste Magazine listed it in its Top 10 Most Anticipated YA Novels of 2019. With its inspiration drawn from ancient Arabia, We Hunt the Flame tells the story of Zafira, a huntress who disguises herself as a man while braving cursed forests and feeding her people with her k ills.Living in the same kingdom is a young man known as the Prince of Death, who carries out assassinations for anyone who defies his father, the sultan, and whose compassionate nature must be hidden beneath a brutal exterior and family expectations. As war brews and danger finds them both, these young characters seek an ancient, magical artifact to achieve different aims. Its a story of bravery, self-revelation, and identity set in a lush world full of magic and mystery.Perfekt Order (The Ære Saga) (Volume 1) by S.T. BendePerfekt Order by S.T. Bende is another YA fantasy should be on your list of must-read books, especially if you enjoy witty, well-rounded characters and Norse mythology. It tells the story of seventeen-year-old Mia Ahlstrà ¶m, an engineering student at Redwood State University, who meets an arrogant, overprotective Tyr Fredriksen at her first college party. But Tyr is not what he seems- or rather, is much more than he seems. Hes actually the Norse God of War, on Earth to protect a valuable Asgardian treasure, and Mia, too, if shell let him. The repartee in this book make it a fast, fun read.Empire of Sand (The Books of Ambha) by Tasha SuriTasha Suris debut fantasy novel, Empire of Sand, tells the story of Mehr, an illegitimate yet privileged daughter born to a nobleman father and magical, nomadic mother who she never knew. Inheriting her mothers magical gifts of controlling the dreams of the gods, Mehr captures the attention of the Emperors mystics, who persuade her to use her magic to help build the Empire. This Mughal India-inspired novel contains a darkly woven story that is as original as it is impressive, prompting one reviewer to state, I am beginning to think that we are at a new golden age of fantasy literature.A Darker Shade of Magic: A Novel by V.E. SchwabVictoria V.E. Schwab is a #1 New York Times bestselling author of more than a dozen books and the first book in her Shades of Magic trilogy, A Darker Shade of Magic, is arguab ly her writing at its best. Lyrically compelling and haunting, A Darker Shade of Magic tells the story of Kell, a magician and smuggler with a rare ability to travel between parallel Londons defined by a color- Red, Grey, White, and Black. Each London has a varying relationship with magic, and those who practice it, and the book is equal parts fantasy, romance, inter-dimensional travel, and adventure combined with a strong female character who is intriguing from the start.Perdido Street Station by China Mià ©villeHaving won both the Arthur C. Clarke Award and the British Fantasy Award, China Mià ©ville, London-based author of Perdido Street Station, knows how to use equal parts magic and science to build fantastical worlds that are not for the faint of heart. For this novel, he weaves a dystopian society beneath towering ribs of an ancient beast, and inhabitants of it that include both humans and arcane races in a steam-punk inspired, cross-species filled setting. The main charact er is Isaac, a scientist who conducts experiments for a half-bird/half-human entity, and feeds a growing caterpillar hallucinogenic drugs only to soon discover its true, horrific intent. This novel includes gore, sex, immoral experimentation, and technobabble, but offers plenty for fantasy-lovers to digest (pun intended).The God Catcher by Erin M. EvansIf you are a fan of Dungeons Dragons, you should add The God Catcher by Erin M. Evans to your fantasy reading list. Set in the City of Splendors, part of the Forgotten Realms created by Ed Greenwood, this is a coming-of-age story about Tennora, a bookish yet renegade young lady who desperately wants to be a wizard. She finds the opportunity upon meeting Clytemorrenestrix, who claims to be a dragon, only to later be warned that the dragon woman is not all she claims to be. In fact, shes dangerous, and Tennoras life could be in peril by participating in her malevolent plans.Black Leopard, Red Wolf (The Dark Star Trilogy) by Marlon Jame sBlack Leopard, Red Wolf by Jamaican-born Marlon James is the first novel in Jamess Dark Star trilogy, combining African mythology and history with unforgettable and fantastical adventure. It is a non-linear narrative revealing the story of Tracker, noted for his hunting skills, who is hired to find a boy who disappeared three years ago. He finds himself in the company of a diverse group of unusual characters with the same purpose in mind, one of which is a shape-shifting man-animal known as Leopard. Questioning who is telling the truth and why the young boy is being sought after so desperately, Tracker learns that theres much more to life than his usual, solitary lifestyle.Empty Monsters (The Books of Oreyn) by Cat HellisenCat Hellisens Empty Monsters is a coming-of-age tale of family expectations and finding ones own path as much as it is about the family were born into versus the family we choose. After discovering a magical lineage- the very lineage his family has sworn to rid t he world of for generations- the main character, Aden, immerses himself in an experience that he was once taught to fear. In doing so, he learns a truth about who the real monsters are and his role in their collective story. One reviewer notes, This isnt your typical swashbuckling, sword-and-sorcery style fantasy. Its quiet and introspective, more character study than adventure.

Quotes From the Movie Scrooge

Quotes From the Movie Scrooge Nothing can be more entertaining on Christmas Eve than a light musical comedy. Scrooge, a 1970 movie adapted from Charles Dickenss famous novel, A Christmas Carol, is fun and entertaining. The 1843 novel is a now well-known  redemption tale  of the wicked Ebenezer Scrooge. On Christmas Eve, Scrooge is visited by spirits, including his former business partner Jacob Marley, and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Christmas Present and Christmas Yet to Come. In the 1970 movie adaptation, Albert Finney, who plays the role of Scrooge, steals the show with his scintillating performance. Here is a story being retold in a colorful ensemble. You cannot help asking for more. Read these Scrooge quotes and savor the finest moments of the movie. Ebenezer Scrooge As for you, nephew, if you were in my will, Id disinherit you! Go, and redeem some other promising young creature, but leave me to keep Christmas in my own way. [to Bob Cratchit] Well, my friend, Im not going to beat around the bush. Im simply not going to stand this sort of thing any longer. Which leaves me no choice, but to raise your salary. Fifteen shillings a week, a wife and five children...and he still talks of a Merry Christmas! How shall I ever understand this world? There is nothing on which it is so hard as poverty, and yet, there is nothing it condemns with such severity as the pursuit of wealth. The Ghost of Jacob Marley Hello, Ebenezer. Ive been waiting here for you; I heard you were coming down, today. Thought Id be here to greet you; show you to your new office... no one else wanted to. See the phantoms filling the sky around you. They astound you, I can tell, these inhabitants of hell. Poor wretches whom the hand of heaven ignores. Beware, beware, beware, lest their dreadful fate be yours! The Ghost of Christmas Present There is never enough time to do or say all the things that we would wish. The thing is to try to do as much as you can in the time that you have. Remember Scrooge, time is short, and suddenly, youre not here anymore. Tom Harry, Ive visited you every Christmas for the past five years, and to this day I can never understand this extraordinary ritual of toasting the health of your old uncle Ebenezer. I mean, everyone knows hes the most miserable old skinflint that ever walked Gods earth. Mr. Jorkin [about Scrooge and Marley] In short, gentlemen, if you want to save the fair name of the company by accepting their generous offer, they become the company!​ Tiny Tim God bless us, every one! The Spirit of Christmas Present Come in! Come in, and know me better, man!

The concept of lifelong learning has always been central to adult and Essay

The concept of lifelong learning has always been central to adult and vocational education - Essay Example According to the concept of lifelong learning, being knowledgeable and acquiring new and latest knowledge continually is not a preserve of children or classroom surroundings. Instead, lifelong learning emphasises that people should learn throughout their lifetime, their circumstances notwithstanding (Wang, 2008). There are numerous reasons for which lifelong learning has been rather interesting subject in the last five decade. For instance, the role of the currently observed technological and scientific innovations in necessitating lifelong learning among professionals has been extensively debated in recent times. In fact, as a result of the technological and scientific advances realised in different spheres of life, the professional and learning needs of people have continued to change every other day (Wang, 2008). That is, there is no longer a restricted or preferred age, time or place for learning and related activities. In fact, school is no longer the only place people can obtai n knowledge in as more people resort to acquiring knowledge and skills at the workplace. Today, people learn even by the mere interaction with others around them who are not necessarily their teachers or instructors. This paper explores the purposes and conceptions of lifelong learning, vocational education and the relationship between lifelong learning and vocational education. Purposes and Conceptions of Lifelong Learning The many contexts within which the term â€Å"lifelong learning† is used imply that there are quite a number of conceptions by which the term is regarded. That is, the exact meaning of the term is prone to a lot of debates depending on the circumstances in which it is used. These meanings, however, expand beyond the traditional concept of schooling. The first type of lifelong learning is home schooling in which learning takes place in informal settings and patterns. The second type of lifelong learning is adult learning (Wang, 2008). In this category, life long learning entails the acquisition of knowledge and work skills in later life. The third category of lifelong learning is referred to as continuing education in which extension courses are offered in higher learning institutions. Fourth, lifelong learning could refer to on-the-job training or work knowledge in which learners seek to develop their skills and professions. The other meaning of lifelong learning is self-directed/personal learning in which an individual applies a variety of techniques and tools such as the Internet/E-learning. The success and applicability of the above meanings of lifelong learning depend on the professionals such as a coach, a trainer, a consultant, a mentor, a curriculum designer, a competency assessor or a training project manager that oversees their implementation (Wang, 2008). There are several reasons for which people increasingly resort to lifelong learning. Generally, this is a knowledge generation and peoples’ capacity to use the right knowledge in executing tasks is a skill that can no longer be ignored. Peoples’ professional success depends on the effective application of the right knowledge in task implementation. By acquiring more and divergent knowledge, people are able to approach issues with different perspectives and fascinating arguments, making the workplace more

Discuss the history and evolution, justifications for, and ultimate Essay - 1

Discuss the history and evolution, justifications for, and ultimate impact(s) of Canadian content regulations in Canadian radio and television broadcasting from the industrys inception to the present - Essay Example According to Allen (2009, p. 55), this is particularly based on the belief that ensuring Canadian programs on both the radio and television programs is an important way of maintaining and building the country’s culture and identity as well as promoting Canadians’ creativity. The Canadian content regulator CRTC has gone through a series of structural and functional changes beginning from the introduction of the regulations in the early 1920ss to the modern state instrument for content regulation. â€Å"To ensure that every element of Canadian Broadcasting system contributed towards the presentation of Canadian programming, the CRTC required that every broadcasting undertaking not only include certain Canadian services or content but also give them priority positioning†(Armstrong, 2010, p.109). Since the dawn of broadcasting, the Canadian broadcasting policy has always been to adapt to new technologies while at the same time ensuring that the system includes both private and public broadcasting, promotes Canadian content, reflects Canadian values, makes use of the reactive resources of Canada and is controlled by Canadians. This paper critically discusses the history and evolution, justification as well as the ultimate potential impact of the †˜Canadian Content’ regulations in Canadian radio and television broadcasting from the inception of the industry to the present. The history of the Canadian Content regulations dates back to the 1920s when the need to have a Canadian presence on the radio gradually arose as a way to counter the growing American influence on the radio and protect Canadian culture and identity (Armstrong, 2010). Although Canadian radio began licensing numerous commercial radio stations in 1922, the Federal government was increasingly concerned that many Canadian radio listeners were tuning to American stations while the

Importance of Technical Education Essay Example for Free

Importance of Technical Education Essay Education is important for every individual in a nation. It plays a vital role to change the stare of a country. No country could bring a revolution in it unless its everybody are educated enough to meet the challenges. Education makes a man realize about himself and his goals and how to achieve that goals. Basically, Education is divided into three groups. The Education which teaches the concerns of a society is called Social Education. The Education which develops a personality inside a man himself is called Spiritual Education. The Education that concerns with the professionalism is called Vocational Education. The Technical Education comes under the branch of Vocational Education which deals practically in the field of trade, commerce, agriculture, medicine Engineering. We are living in the modern age of science where we found Technologies in every aspect of life. What makes life so brain friendly for us simply; these are the Technologies which we use for our ease and comforts. Not only in our daily life but also in the research centre, in defensive measured of a country, biological aspects etc. No nation could generate the progress unless it promotes technical aspects in its fields. The technical education produces technicians for all type of industries and it is true that the progress of a country much depend upon its Industrialization without which a handsome economy would not be possible. Using a technology is far easier than to develop it. For developing a technology, it needed high skill teams which have a high data for the theme. It also needed a high amount of time and also money. To fulfill all these, there must be technical institutes which must cover all the faculties of technological studies and also the support of government to support financially to contruct it at international level. If it would be at International level then it would be easier to students to grab data in their own state so that they could do something for their own country. Pakistan leads in the technological era. The exhibition canters in Pakistan plays a vital role in backing up the technicians to come up with more and more new technologies because it gives reflection of our technologies to the foreigners which are representing their country, which means we are reflecting our image to that world. By this we have a sense of development and prosperity that we also produce creative mind in the technological aspect. As far as Pakistans implementation in techno field is concern, we might look around and observe that in every field of life we are using high class technologies whether it is in the Industrial purpose, business purpose, agriculture purpose or defensive purpose. There has been a lot of emergence of on-line trading, which deals with high technological concerns in term of machinery and software. Pakistan Telecommunication field also deal with high-class technology. Pakistan also promises to produce best technicians of its own through their technical education centers which allow approximately all the faculties for technical development. These institutes also support the new courses of technology which are introduced at a instant so that there would be no line at which we lay behind. The most important institutes of in Pakistan which support the technical courses incorporate, NED University, GIK University, Karachi University, Mehran University and there are also some other private Universities which deal in technological subjects. These institutes promise to produce technicians who cold meet the challenges of the technological era. I feel proud when I watch the students rushing towards these technical institutes to become a prosperous technician who have a sense of responsibility for the progress of their nation. Technical education promotes the material prosperity and economic advancement. It produces the sense of self-respect and dignity. If a country has her own technical experts, she may save a lot of foreign exchange i. e. Technical Education makes a country rich, prosperous and resourceful. Our country is rich in raw material resources but the thing is, we must have enough technical information to benefit from them.

The Role of Chance in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Romeo and Juliet Essays

The Role of Chance in Romeo and Juliet In William Shakespeare's classic Elizabethan Tragedy "Romeo & Juliet" we are asked to determine what events in the story are chance, coincidence or fate. Although some scholars are persuaded to relate as to how chance and coincidence are tools of fate, I feel as though everything is either chance or coincidence. If everything was controlled by fate then life would be pointless. We would have no decisions to make, it would all be predetermined. That is why I don't believe in fate, and so, naturally I have determined that "Romeo & Juliet" is not controlled by fate. I was also told that people in the Middle East believe in fate full out. So much that they travel at crazy speeds in their cars around corners without thinking twice. They believe that if there is a car around that corner, then it was fated to happen and they would still die if they were going the speed limit. I believe that Romeo & Juliet dug there own holes with bad decisions. Chance plays a major part in the story. Everything starts in the very beginning when Montegue and Capulet servants just happen to cross paths in a public place. This is a chance meeting. Coincidence cannot be involved now because it is too early in the story. Also by chance, the servants are talking of their hatred of the other family and there unwillingness to bear insults. The opening line of the play is, "Gregory, on my word, we'll not carry coals. "(pg.6)" Meaning he will not stand for any insults. This results in the fight that forces Prince Escalus to make the decree that "If ever you disturb our streets again your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace." (pg.14) He is saying that the next person who starts a fight will be executed. This decree results in Romeo's banishment, and his banishment is the reason for Juliet faking her death, which caused both of them to die. Another act of chance is when Romeo climbs over the Capulet house's wall right next to Juliet's room. The very first coincidental event is on page 4, before the actual play begins, it is that the Montagues and Capulets are fighting.

Day of triffids

Day of triffids BY can-Dy The Day Of The Triffids – Chapter 1-6 Chapter 1: the end begins William â€Å"Bill† Masen wakes up in a hospital with his eyes bandaged. He recalls the events of the night before when the earth passed through comet debris causing green flashes of light. He removes the bandages and leaves to find that the green flashes have rendered everyone blind and that he may be the only one who is still sighted. Chapter 2: The Coming Of The Triffids Bill discusses his personal history and the origin of the triffids.He explains how the triffids originated and how they spread across the world. He describes what a triffid ooks like and how it acts when it walks. He also tells of how he was stung by a triffid as a child which led him to his study of triffids. Chapter 3: The Grouping City Bill goes on the street and encounter a blind man, and then he see a young blind man with a child and a blind woman trying to get some food from a store. He see a group of blin d people is control by a sighted man, and he tries to stop the sighted man from being rude to the blind women, but he is knocked out.He wants to find out what has been happening. Chapter 4: Shadows Before Bill is wandering the streets when he hears a scream and finds a sighted young oman being beaten by a blind man. He rescues her and she reveals her name as Josella Playton who had missed the comet through a wild party. They drive to Josella's home but find that her family has all been killed by triffids. Chapter 5: A Light In The Night Bill and Josella drive toward Clerkenwell and try to find some weapons that will help them defend themselves from the triffids.While driving, their car was beseiged and they barely escape with their lives. They eventually find themselves some gear and clothes. As day falls into night, they decide to spend the night in a tower block and uring the night they see a bright light and decide to investigate it in the morning. Chapter 6: Rendezvous Bill and Josella arrive at the University of London, where they believe that the bright light had originated the night before.There they observe a sighted man, leading a mob of blind people, argue with the sighted on the other side of the gate. But through machine gun fire, they are sent away. Bill learns that the inhabitants of the university can see and that they plan to leave London soon. Deciding to help B Josella go out to gather food. Characters William â€Å"Bill† Masen A triffid biologist from south London and the novel's protagonist. He is one of the only ones not to lose his sight as a result of the green flashes of light.Josella Playton A young woman whom Bill rescues and falls in love with. She is about 24 at the beginning of the story. She came from a well-off family and was infamous for writing a notorious sexual book. Vocab Peevish irritated Aggrieved troubled; disturbed Triffid a large plant with a poisonous sting that is able to move; farmed as the produce a useful oi l Abruptly unexpectedly sudden Mimicking to copy or imitate closely, especially in speech, expression, and gesture

Compliance with Nursing Homes Regulations Essay

Determine how compliance with the regulations and development of risk-management and quality-management systems for each type of organization contribute to the organization’s overall performance-management system. Nursing homes contribute to their overall performance management systems by making sure that management offer an opportunity to set goals, while clarifying expectations, always being able to reinforce a job well done, initiate change, and foster a healthy working relationship between supervisor and employee which is most important because that will affect the work performance of staff and the quality of the care that is being provided. ( Julie Ditzler â€Å"Developing an effective system for performance appraisal†. Drug Manufacturers contribute to their organizations performance management systems by applying the competency process of Control, Optimize, Reduce, and Extend ,better known as the CORE process. This stands for Control – You can leverage contract templates and extensive term and clause libraries with process-specific authoring and approval cycles that eliminate non-standard terms and prevent rogue contracts from cutting into an organization’s revenue. Optimize – Analytical tools and template-based authoring are just some of the tools that help you create an advanced workflow to drive the best possible deals for you, your partners, and your share holders. Reduce – You can reduce use of non-standard terms and conditions, and thus shorten time-to-contract and increase your margins, using a clause-level, multi-conditional approval hierarchy built into the authoring process. Extend – You can expand the way your organization uses contract-based risk profiles by identifying and aggregating contract-specific language that normally would be locked in a file cabinet. (www.invistics.com/drug-manufacturers-pursuing-operational-excelle†¦) ââ€" ª In mental clinics and hospitals the management teams in quality, development, and risk support their organization’s contribution to performance management systems by Treat people fairly and respectfully regardless of race, color, religion, national origin, disability, veteran status, sexual orientation or preference, sex, or age. ââ€" ª Regard, recognize and value differences in the needs and views of others. ââ€" ª Take advantage of the rich backgrounds and diverse talents of their staff. ââ€" ª Consider and honor different opinions, styles and ways of working. (www.linkedin.com/title/physician/at-allina+hospitals+clinics/) All hospitals want to be on top in regards to quality of care and revenue and although getting to the top is a hard job it is even a tougher job to stay there once you reached the top. The performance management systems in hospitals allows management to identify areas for improvements, plan systematic performance improvements initiative, while setting targets and tracking metrics continuously.

Hobbes and Locke vs. Lord of the Flies †History Essay

Hobbes and Locke vs. Lord of the Flies – History Essay Free Online Research Papers Hobbes and Locke vs. Lord of the Flies History Essay Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two of the great political theorists of their time. John Locke thought people acted just as how people do in the Canadian society, and examples are shown in the movie Lord of the Flies. Thomas Hobbes believed that people were not guided by reason, but instead were guided by our inherent ancient, animalistic instincts. Hobbes thought that moral concepts such as the ideas of good and evil did not exist in the state of nature, and that man could use any force necessary in order to protect his life and goods around him. Locke is more politically correct, because people do act on their morals and most people do not harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions. Hobbes outlook on a society was very bleak and lifeless, which is more of what portrayed when you watch the movie, especially when the two groups of boys separate and go against the other. Even with that thought, John Locke is more accurate about people in many of today’s societies, such as when it comes to natural rights, human nature, and government. When people are young, the society and people around them choose who they become, because they are the person’s main influence and they grow up following what they seen those people do. In Locke’s view of the state of nature, he states that while there were no civil societies yet formed, people were able to live in peace and all people were equal. He thought that the state of nature involved people living together and using reason to govern their lives, which does happen regularly nowadays. Individuals also know instinctually, that two wrongs do not make a right, but this does not apply to Lord of the Flies. Similar to the movie, Jack got the people to want a better government and many of them gave their independence to him, but nothing stays good long. Near the end of the movie, when Jack and his group go against the others, they are more following Hobbes beliefs, because they are just trying to make sure they stay alive at any cost. Jack is not necessarily doing his best though to try to keep himself alive, because he just cares about catching the pig for food. Everyone who is born into a humane society is born with natural rights that are life, liberty, and property. In most cases, the people are who chooses the government that is in control of making these rights accessible, but sometimes a leader is not fair. John Locke believed that the best form of government would be one ran by the majority of people with common views. This meant if you became part of the government, you should follow the will of the majority of people and the rules set forth. Jack is not a very good leader, because he takes away the citizen’s right if they do not agree to give their independence to him. Jack wants to be in charge of both groups, but if people chose not to be in his group, he will take their right to property and life. Citizens have the natural right to rebel against their government, which is what Piggy’s group did. Simon starts imaging that the Pig’s head is threatening him, which foreshadows his death in the end. Near t he end of the movie, all of the boys start beating at Simon, even Ralph and Piggy; while calling him the beast. The most important thing to protect your rights is choosing the government you think will best do that. When Ralph says not enough work is being done, Jack decides to take over and many of the boys follow, because Jack says Ralph cannot hunt. Also the government should respect what is right for it’s society, which is not exactly what Jack seems to do. He asks the citizens of his tribe, if they think Ralph should not be chief and when no one disagrees, he runs off upset. Later in the movie, Ralph tries to persuade the other boys to follow him and keep the fire alive, but most of the boys are already overcome by Jacks leadership. Locke believes in many types of governments such as Democracy which is the type of government North America has. Unlike John Locke, Hobbes favoured one single person to be the lawmaker, or thought it should be an absolute monarch, which is how it was in Lord of the Flies. An astonishing fact in this movie is that, Ralph is similar to Locke and Jack is closely comparable to Thomas Hobbes. Jack was greedy in his attempt to become the highest leader and did not benefit the boys’ societies, but he is a great example of Hobbes beliefs. Thomas Hobbes believed you should do anything you can to keep yourself safe, even if you have to go against people that could have benefited you. John Locke was much more civilized and believed the best way to progress, was to work as a efficient team. Locke’s ideas were better, because it is more beneficial to learn to fish then to get a fish for a day. Natural rights, human nature, and government are all major things that need to be concentrated on in a society, and John Locke has the best understanding of how these areas work. Research Papers on Hobbes and Locke vs. Lord of the Flies - History EssayHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayWhere Wild and West MeetQuebec and CanadaCapital PunishmentAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionEffects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

IS Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IS Security - Essay Example Therefore, manufacturers have come up with security systems that protect the operating system and application from attackers, but this system do not ensure 100 percent security guarantee. However, those produced for operating system are proving more effective than those developed for application due to various factors addressed in this paper. This has made most people come to a conclusion that there is less attention to applications compared to the operating system, which is not the case. Why a good level of security is achieved in operating systems than applications The frequent patching and updating of operating system limits the chances of attackers from attacking the system. On the contrary, it appears that operating systems get more attention than applications. This section provides information on why there is a perception that operating systems have higher levels of security than applications. ... On2 the same note, other types of threats that should be considered are interceptions, modification, fabrication and interruptions, which are similar to the threats experienced in computer applications.2 Applications run on the operating systems. Therefore, it is easy for an attacker to use the application file or vulnerability to attack the operating system either through one application or by infecting other applications. This enables the user or system administrator to detect the attack before affecting the operating system, hence the misconception that security threats are more prevalent in applications than operating systems. One difference between operating system security issue and application is file permissions. An example of this is when an application misunderstands the semantics of an operating system file or totally omits a check. This problem does not occur in operating systems; this stems from the fact that any attempt to open a given file will prompt a permission chec k as the file permissions link to individual files.2 On the other hand, some operating systems mechanisms result to complex security issues for the applications used today. Operating systems are not flexible in offering support, resulting to a compromised security issue. An example of such operating system is that of UNIX, which violates some privileges by only supporting a two level privilege that includes root and user. To limit these 3limitations, it introduces â€Å"set user id†, â€Å"set group id† and â€Å"chroot (2)† that are particularly limiting and inadequate. These applications aim to become responsible for granting permissions, accepting requests, and managing resources, which

Supply and Demand in the steel industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Supply and Demand in the steel industry - Essay Example Demand and supply in a specific industry is perhaps one of the most debated and fundamental concepts in economics. In order for a market economy to function, it is critically important that producers should supply those goods and services that consumers want and are affordable to pay for them. In economic concepts, the term demand represents the willingness and ability of buyers to buy different quantities of a product or service, at different prices during a specific period of time (Arnold, 54). According to the basic theory of economics, people buy more quantities of a product or service at lower prices than at higher prices. The price and demand relation is well debated in the theories of economics. When price of a commodity decreases, it is assumed that consumers will buy more quantities of that product or service, and thus its demand increases. The term supply refers to the willingness and ability of producers to produce and sell different quantities of a goods or service at different prices for a specific period of time (Arnold, 66). According to economic theory of law of supply, the quantity supplied of a goods or service increases when its price increases. From the explanations given above, it is clear that demand and price is indirectly related whereas price and supply are directly related. There are many determinants of quantity supplied, but out of all the determinants, price plays pivotal role. The underlying assumption is that when the price of steel becomes high, selling steel become profitable and the quantity supplied, therefore, will be high. When it comes to the market, the interaction between supply and demand results one of the followings; excess supply, excess demand and equilibrium price or equilibrium quantity. Excess supply or ‘surplus’ is the conduction at which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded in the market. This excess supply occurs only when the price is above the equilibrium price.

Association of Women Police Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Association of Women Police - Essay Example In order to safeguard the interests of the police women in the various police departments present in the different regions across the globe, the Women Police association was primarily setup. The Women Police Association had its origins in the year 1915, which was just a blue print and remained in paper. The Association was setup in Washington DC after about one year in 1916. (www.bookrags.com) When one looks back at the history of the United States of America, one can very well see that women had been in the police department’s right from the year 1845. It was in the year 1893 that a women by name Mrs. Mari Owens was inducted into the Chicago Department of Police and was been given the Policeman rank, which entitled her to the power of arrest. It was only in the year 1910, which another woman by name Mrs. Alice Stebbins Wells was named as the Policewoman. (www.bookrags.com) The modern society by then had very well looked into the benefits of the introduction of the women in th e police force and has rightly acknowledged the need for women police officers, to deal with crimes related to women and children in particular. Indeed the main aim that was behind the creation of the Woman Police Association, was to take preventive actions against the occurrence of the various kinds of problems and harassments, which were being created for policewomen in their workplace. The areas that were also looked into by the Women Police Association, mainly included places of public interest like the dance halls, movies, arcades, shopping malls and all other places of recreational interest for women and children which could also turn out to be problem spots. It can very well be said that it is this Women Police Association, which has really become a force to reckon with and has straight away empowered the women police officers in the law enforcement department. (www.bookrags.com) In fact women and more particularly the police women have always felt very insecure, without such an Association and this could have in turn drastically affected their freedom and their rights in the society and at their workplace. Hence it can be said that, the formation of the Women Police Association has been a blessing for the police women. The women Police Association has grown so much in strength all across the world that, it today has got so many branches across the world. The present Women Police Associations across the world is present in approximately 14 regions. This can be very well attributed to the fact that, most of the governments all across the world have found it important to form such an association, that would be entrusted with the duty of safeguarding the rights of the policewomen at their workplaces, which would enable them to rightly enforce crime detection and prevention activities. (www.bookrags.com) But with the increasing concern regarding the safety and security of the women and children across many countries, there is certainly scope for growth for more such women police force and their respective Women Police Associations. Thus due to the Women Police Association’s efficiency in prevention of harassments against police women, the association has grown tremendously in strength during the recent years. As a part of the annual activities this Association conducts training programs as well as conferences which

Modern Business in Comparative Perspective (EXAM PREPARATION) Essay

Modern Business in Comparative Perspective (EXAM PREPARATION) - Essay Example Through outsourcing, the management will get some free time to concentrate on improvement of its output. On the other hand, in the year, 2000 Hewlett Packard Co in US has increased the production of its products by 50 %. The company ensures that it has enough to meet its customers demand at any particular time. The countries ensure that they acquire adequate raw material as well as skilful personnel in order to produce quality products. The companies also provide that they use modern equipment’s in their production process to produce quality products. Japan, most company’s management is transferring their operation to online. That is, they have to find their raw material online and find a market their products online. The company products also call for proper marketing of its products to sell to the expectations of the enterprise. However, various companies have different marketing strategies that the use to sell their products. For instance, Toyota Company in Japan ensures that it acquires and sells over 50% of its products online. On the other hand, most Companies in US uses promotional techniques. The companies always conduct road shows to market its products. In addition, the companies also adopt the system of e-commerce in most of its operations. Economic success of the particular countries contributes a lot to the country’s economic success. However, the countries management ensures that it properly trains its employees in order to meet organizational objectives at just in time (JIT). For instance, Honda Company in USA ensures that it gives its employees an opportunity to learn more. For instance, the company takes its employees for seminars in order to improve their skills and experience. On the other hand, Toyota Co in Japan ensures that it provides on the job training to its employees if performance evaluation demands training. The operation management of both USA and Japan are equal in the

Cultural Adaptations to Heat Stress in Dry Environments

Cultural Adaptations to Heat Stress in Dry Environments Human beings have long inhabited hot environments, and have developed several physiological mechanisms in order to deal with heat stress. We are exposed to two kinds of heat stress, environmental and metabolic, on a regular basis. Heat can be gained from the environment through radiation, convection and conduction, as well as created during the course of metabolic activity, which is compounded by exertion. The heat gained from these sources must be balanced by convective heat loss to the environment and through the evaporative cooling mechanisms (Hanna and Brown). Failure of these cooling mechanisms can result in heatstroke, a serious condition which can cause severe damage to the central nervous system (Bouchama and Knochel 2002). Over reliance on evaporative cooling can lead to another debilitating condition, dehydration. Hot desert environments, such as those found in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, are a perfect storm of stresses on human heat tolerance. High ambient temp eratures maximize heat gain from the environment, while severely reducing our ability to lose both environmental and metabolic heat by convective means. This causes an increase reliance on evaporative cooling in order to deal with rising body temperature. Increased sweating, combined with the lack of readily available water in desert climates severely increases the risk of dehydration. Populations native to desert areas exposed to the dual stresses of heat and lack of water employ a variety of cultural adaptations in order to buffer their natural thermoregulatory processes. Primary amongst these adaptations is the creation of a favorable microclimate through the use of clothing and architecture. (Hanna and Brown). Human heat tolerance can be summed up through the equation; Mb + Ma + S = E + R + K + C In this equation Mb and Ma represent heat generated by the body through basal metabolic activity and physical activity respectively. S is representative of the amount of heat stored by the tissues of the body. The right side of the equation represents environmental heat, with E, R, K, and C standing for evaporation, radiation, convection and conduction, the primary methods by which heat is lost to, or gained from, the environment. Evaporative cooling takes place as water secreted by the endocrine glands onto the skins surface undergoes a phase change and draws heat away from the body. Radiative heat gain is based on the transference of wide span length electromagnetic waves. Factors such as an objects temperature, reflectance and surface area, as well as those of objects around it, affect the net heat flow through this mechanism. While there is a positive gain of radiant heat by the human body from the sun under all circumstances, environmental conditions can greatly affect the magni tude of this gain. Heat flow by conduction functions in a manner similar to diffusion, between materials in contact with one another and from high to low heat areas. Environmentally, conductive heat exchange can occur between the body and the ground, while with-in the body it is the mechanism by which heat is transferred from the core to the surface of the skin. Convective heat flow occurs between an object and a moving fluid. The movements of the fluid can carry heat away from the body; this is the reason why a cool breeze can be so refreshing on a warm day. When ambient temperatures are at or above body temperature, however, convective currents can significantly increase heat load, sometimes beyond the bodys ability to compensate through other means (Hanna and Brown). Heat stroke is caused by an elevation of body temperature, usually due to failure of cooling mechanisms caused by exposure to high external temperatures, and is the most severe form of heat illness. Exertion can accelerate the onset of heat stroke by increasing metabolic heat production in active muscles. Symptoms of heat stroke include confusion and irrational behavior, weak pulse, elevation of breathing rate and unconsciousness. Severe cases can cause brain damage and organ failure, leading to death. An early symptom of the onset of heat illness is profuse sweating, caused by the bodys attempts to return to homeostasis. Salt loss through this excess perspiration can lead to muscle cramps, while the increase in water loss itself further elevates risk of dehydration (Heat Emergencies). Dehydration is the result of an imbalance between fluid loss and intake. Illness is a common cause of this condition, especially in children and the elderly. Reliance on sweating as a cooling mechanism without adequately rehydrating is another frequent cause of this condition. In hot dry environments, where increased sweating is required in order to maintain body temperature, dehydration is particularly common. Cases of Dehydration can randge from mild to severe, depending on the percentage of overall body water lost. Mild dehydration is easily treatable, and has relatively few long term consequences. Severe dehydration, if not treated quickly can result in damage to the central nervous system or death. Symptoms of dehydration include low blood pressure due to reduced fluid volume, elevated heart rate, dry mouth, low urine production, and in severe cases, lethargy and coma. One sign of dehydration is a reduction in skin turgor. Reduced water levels in the tissues cause skin to lose its elasticity, causing it to slowly return to position after being pinched upwards (. Cultural adaptations can serve as a buffer between the environment and the body, allowing survival in environments where physiological responses would be inadequate for or impede survival. Remarkable examples of this are seen in the populations of Northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The populations native to these regions, such as the nomadic Bedouin and semi-nomadic Tuareg have developed specialized clothing and architecture that allow them to survive in some of the hottest, driest areas in the world, the Sahara and Arabian Deserts. The specialized material culture utilized by these groups facilitates the creation of a favorable microclimate around the body which allows them to maintain homeostasis without relying as strenuously on physiological mechanisms. A desert environment is defined by the KÃ ¶ppen-Geiger climate classification system as a region where the mean annual participation in mm is less than or equal to 5 Pth, which is defined by the following equation, In order to be designated as a hot desert, the region must also have a mean annual temperature greater than or equal to 18ÂÂ °C (Kottek et al). The Sahara Desert is the largest in the world, covering an area of 9,100,000 km2 across the breadth of North Africa. The central region of the desert receives less than 25 mm of rainfall annually, while regions on the eastern margin receiving as little as 5 mm annually. Rainfall is extremely sporadic when it does occur; a single storm sometimes accounts for multiple years worth of precipitation. The region is also amongst the hottest on earth, with temperatures exceeding 50ÂÂ ° C in the summer months. Diurnal variation in temperature can be considerable, the recorded maximum variation being 38ÂÂ ° C. Extreme winds are common in the Sahara, which when laden with dust make the environment even less hospitable. Underground aquifers occasionally break the surface and create oases amongst the otherwise barren landscape of stone plat eaus, salt flats and dunes (Berrahmouni and Burgess). The Arabian Desert is the dominant eco-region on the Arabian Peninsula, covering 1,851,300 Km2. Contained within the larger desert region is the vast Rubal-Khali, the Empty Quarter, which is the largest continuous area of sand in the world, stretching 500,000 km2. Salt flats and limestone cliffs are present in other regions of the desert. Average annual rainfall is less than 35mm, while temperatures average around 47ÂÂ ° C in summer. Temperatures drop significantly at night, sometimes reaching low enough for frost to form (Llewellyn-Smith). The Bedouin are a primarily nomadic pastoralist group located in the desert regions of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. Their subsistence is based around the raising of sheep, goats and camels, with limited dependence on seasonal agriculture in groups inhabiting regions with more predictable seasonal rains. The Bedouins traditional form of shelter is the bayt, a large rectangular tent constructed from sheeps wool. The roof is supported by a series of tall poles, while the walls of the tent are pinned onto the edge of the roof. The bottoms of the wall pieces are buried in the sand or pegged down, depending on the nature of the terrain. The interior is divided into sections, one for cooking and storage, the other for the entertaining of visitors. (Chatty) The tent is typically open along one of its long sides. This open wall, called the face of the tent or wej al bait, is on the leeward side. In the event of a sudden change in the wind, the back wall of then tent is unpinned and moved to what was formerly the face of the tent. In particularly hot weather parts of the side walls are unpinned to increase air flow throughout the tent. Carpets are sometimes employed to thicken the roof of the tent when the sun is stronger than usual (Dickson). When the wind is not particularly strong the side walls can be lowered entirely in order to maximize ventilation and cooling (Musil). The Bedouin traditionally dress in long, light garments that cover a majority of the bodys surface. For men, typical garments include a long tunic like shirt with wide sleeves that reaches to the ankles, loose trousers, a sleeveless cloak and a head cloth held in place by a woolen cord wound around the head. Womens clothing is similar, consisting of a long sleeved dress, black cotton over garment, loose trousers, cloak and various degrees of head covering, depending on the region the particular group hails from (Dickson). The Tuareg are a predominantly nomadic group inhabiting the nations of Mali, Algeria Niger and Libya. Different Tuareg groups practice widely different modes of subsistence, ranging from nomadic stock-breeding and trading to oasis gardening, although the latter is viewed with somewhat of a social stigma (Rasmussen). The Tuareg utilize a variety of both portable and non-portable dwellings, depending on their particular mode of subsistence. Nomadic Tuareg generally utilize a combination of mat and skin tents depending on regional conditions and availability of materials. Both of these tent forms follow the same basic layout, with the roof and sides suspended from a series of poles anchored in the substrate, while a wooden bed forms the floor of the structure. The particular arrangement of the poles varies significantly by region and preference, ranging from a small number of arches to a series of upright posts. The more sedentary groups amongst the Tuareg construct a variety of mud and mud coated stone houses, some of which are subterranean or semi-subteranean. These houses are typically rectangular, with small windows and flat roofs, although conical and domed forms are not uncommon in some regions of the Tuaregs territory. The most conspicuous aspects of traditional Tuareg clothing amongst both men and women are elaborate head coverings, taking the form of a veiled turban-like garment amongst men and a less elaborate head cloth for women. The mens veil, called a teguelmoust, is typically worn so that only a small space for the eyes is exposed. The amount of the face exposed varies considerably, however, depending on social circumstances. Mens garb consists of loose trousers and multiple sleeveless gandurah (a loose fitting cloak-like garment). Although sleeveless, the gandurah is loose enough that it typically extends below the hands. It is folded up over the forearms or shoulders when necessary to free the hands for manual labor. Womens costume includes either baggy trousers or a cotton skirt reaching to the knees, a gandurah similar to those worn by men but stitched higher on the sides, and a combination of shawl and headscarf made from the indigo dyed cotton popular amongst the Tuareg. This is often folded across the face for protection from the elements when riding or in the sun (Briggs). The primary benefit of clothing in a desert environment is its ability to minimize radiant heat gain by blocking solar radiation. Layers of clothing and air pockets caught between the layers insulate the body and prevent heat from being transferred to it. Baggy clothing allows for ventilation and air flow around the body, which encourage both convective and evaporative heat loss while still protecting the individual from environmental heat gain. Traditional populations in the regions of the Sahara and Arabian Deserts benefit from these concepts by dressing in layers of loose clothing that covers a majority of the body. A study performed by Henschel Hanson demonstrates the effectiveness of protective clothing in maintaining body temperature. This study demonstrated that acclimatized individuals wearing desert fatigues sweat 30% less than unclothed individuals when at rest, due to protection from radiant heat gain. Further benefit is seen in a lower core temperature and reduced heart rate relative to unclothed resting individuals. Clothing becomes less effective protection as metabolic heat production increases through exertion. The same study demonstrated that the benefits experienced by the individuals in desert fatigues were reduced by half (15% less than unclothed individuals) while engaged in physical labor (Hanna Brown). This reduction is due to an increased need to vent internally produced heat as compared to the benefit of preventing the uptake of environmental heat. The traditional clothing worn by the Bedouin and Tuareg is looser than typical fatigues, allowing for better circulating and larger pockets of insulating air, as well as providing superior protection to the head, neck and shoulders. This would likely increase the protective benefit gained by an individual at rest. The design of the clothing, allowing for more significant ventilation than desert fatigues, would likely allow an individual at work to still reap the maximum protective benefit w hile at the same time shedding metabolically generated heat. Another benefit of the head coverings worn by the Bedouin and Tuareg is their ability to protect the lungs and face from the desiccating effects of the hot dry winds. When pulled across the face, these veils can maintain a small pocket of air which is relatively humid compared to the environment, which greatly reduces the discomfort caused by exposure of the mucous membranes to the dry desert air (Briggs). Amos Rapoport describes in his book House Form and Culture several architectural traditions employed in hot dry climates that create favorable microclimates for human survival. Amongst these cultural adaptations are the use of stone and clay as building materials, small windows, use of courtyards, mutual shading and underground construction (Rapoport). Building materials such as stone or mud have a significant advantage in desert environments due to their high heat capacity. These materials function as a heat sink, absorbing radiant and convective heat during the day without significantly transferring heat to the shaded interior of the building. An added advantage to this style of architecture is its ability to hold onto heat gained over the course of the day, which can help deal with the low overnight temperatures common to deserts. A similar tactic is seen in underground construction. Dwellings constructed underground can take advantage of the tremendous heat capacity of the soil i tself to buffer interior temperatures from the outside environment. An example of this can be seen in the Matmata house found in parts of the Sahara. This structure takes the form of a series of subterranean rooms built around a central, pit-like courtyard. Upwards of 30 feet of earth shield the interior rooms from the heat of the sun, allowing the inhabitants to remain significantly cooler than they would be able to in an above ground structure (Rapoport). Surface Buildings in deserts are frequently constructed with few and small windows. This functions to reduce the amount radiant heat reaching the interior of the building directly. Placing windows high in the walls further serves this purpose. Permanent dwellings constructed by the Tuareg conform to these design standards; utilizing materials with a high heat capacity and minimizing opportunities for radiant and convective heat to enter the interior through windows or large doors (Nicholaison). The tents employed by the Bedouin cannot employ the techniques described above to the same degree, but instead function in a fashion similar to that of dessert clothing. Like the long robes worn by the Bedouin, the tent absorbs radiant heat, but prevents it from reaching the cooler microclimate within the tent. Attaching extra rugs to the roof of the tent in particularly hot weather furthers its ability to block and absorb radiant heat by increasing the amount of material able to take in heat and the distance that heat has to diffuse to reach the interior of the tent. The ability to adjust the walls of the tent in accordance with the need for ventilation and the strength of the wind also is a significant advantage. Ventilation can be adjusted in order to maximize air flow through the interior of the tent, and therefore cooling, while minimizing convective heating. Even with the back walls of the tent all the way up, enough air should penetrate through gaps in the panels to create a c urrent through the tent and out the front opening, removing hot air from the interior of the tent. The mat tents used by the Tuareg are thought to be vastly superior to the skin tents in the hot, dry season. They are better ventilated and, according to claims made by anthropologist Johannes Nicolaisen, the mat covering is not heated to any great extent by the sun (Nicolaisen, p. 375). Desert environments are extremely difficult conditions under which to live. They combine high ambient heat with a lack of water, pushing the human ability to maintain thermal homeostasis to its absolute limit. This taxing environment has encouraged the use of cultural adaptations to provide a buffer between the environment and the physiologic mechanisms necessary to keep cool. The primary areas in which these adaptations are applied are clothing and architecture. Loose, light clothing is utilized to block the absorption of radiant and convective heat from the environment, while at the same time creating an environment that maximizes convective and evaporative heat loss by creating a cycling zone of cool air next to the skin, allowing thermoregulation while only minimally engaging homeostatic mechanisms. Desert architecture utilizes high heat capacity materials and the earth itself as a heat sink to keep indoor temperatures at reasonable levels. The microclimate created through these cultural techniques provides a buffer zone that protects desert populations from the harmful effects of overtaxing their bodies cooling mechanisms and allows them to survive under some of the harshest conditions on earth.

The Different Reasons for Marriage Shown in Pride and Prejudice :: Pride and Prejudice Essays

Marriage was a central theme in Jane Austen's book "Pride and Prejudice" as in her time marriage was done when the women were quite young. Jane Austen uses this book to express her emotion that women didn't have much of a say in many things and they weren't allowed to work and shouldn't learn. Jane Austin's book shows us three main reasons to get married the first is that people should get married for money, another reason to get married is for passion, and the final reason to get married is to marry out of love. A financial marriage was a great prospect for Charlotte as she had an unknown amount of brothers and sisters and if her father died and she wasn't married she would have to borrow money from her brothers, she also knew it was a good marriage with Mr Collins as he was to come into a lot of money very soon as the story say that: "Mr Collin's present circumstance made it a most eligible match for their daughter, to whom they could give little fortune; and his prospects of future wealthy were exceedingly fair". Lady Catherine De Bourgh doesn't believe in love as she wants all marriages to stay in the family and she wanted to keep the wealth in the family but she also didn't want her family to marry people in lower classes of work to be in her family. "You have no regard, then, for the honour and credit fro my nephew! Unfeeling, selfish girl! Do you not consider that a connection with you, must disgrace him in the eyes of everybody?" Mrickham tries to marry Miss King but her parents successfully protect her, as he would gain about  £10,000 pounds from her, he would then divorce her and run off with Mr Bennets daughter Lydia for his passionate needs, then Mr Darcy pays Mr Wickham to marry Lydia so that he can marry Elizabeth. Mrs Bennet treats marriage as a business as she wants her daughters to get married so that if Mr Bennet should die they her family would have somewhere to stay. The marriage between Mr and Mrs Gardiner is based on their love for each other and their family, they show their love for their family when they give great advice to Elizabeth about Mr Darcy, also when they take Elizabeth around part of England and will look after her. When Mr Bingley and Jane meet each other they instantly fall in love and meet much more often and will get married after a great deal of obstacles put in they way by his sisters and one put in the way by Mr

Identify different reasons why people communicate Essay

* To express needs; to share ideas and information; to reassure; to express feelings; to build relationships; socialise; to ask questions; to share experiences * People communicate in order to establish and maintain relationships with others, to give and receive information and instructions, to understand and be understood, to share opinions, knowledge, feelings, emotions, to give encouragement and show others they are valued. * Communication is an essential tool a carer can use to meet the needs of children. It is a basic requirement of my job role to communicate with individuals and their families, other members of staff on a daily basis. Communicating with other staff members ensures effective team working and continuity of care. It also ensures any health and safety issues are recognised and reported. All carers attend hand over at the beginning of each shift and also complete communication books after attending an individual, thereby keeping other staff informed and aware of current situations within the workplace. * Individuals communicate with carers to express their needs and preferences and to ensure they are met. As a carer I would discuss the options and choices available to the individual to allow them an informed choice regards their care. Read more:  Reasons for communication in health and social care  essay Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of you work In your job you need to communicate with people all the time. First and foremost is the person you are supporting, but there are also their family and friends, who are likely to be involved in the support plan. You will also have to communicate with colleagues and with other professionals. The way in which you communicate will be diï ¬â‚¬erent depending on the person with whom you are communicating and the purpose of the communication., Diï ¬â‚¬erent approaches to communicate the same information are appropriate for diï ¬â‚¬erent people.. Why it is important to observe an individual’s reactions when communicating with them All communication has an effect on the person you are communicating with. It is a two-way process called an interaction, and it is important that you watch the eï ¬â‚¬ects so that any problems can be identiï ¬ ed and dealt with .Any relationship comes about through communication. In order to be eï ¬â‚¬ective in providing care and support, you must learn to be a good communicator. But communication is about much more than talking to people. People communicate through: †¢ speaking †¢ facial expression †¢ body language †¢ position†¢ dress †¢ gestures. You will have to know how to recognise what is being communicated to you, and be able to communicate with others without always having to use words.

Yum cha between my culture and our culture Essay

Yum cha, which is a Chinese style morning and afternoon tea, involves drinking Chinese tea and eating dim sum, which are small dishes. In expert restaurants, staff will commonly wheel around heated trolleys serving small yum cha dishes. Hong Kong also has some western food and local food, like mango pudding, egg tarts that are desserts. Before Hong Kong was occupied by British, which already had â€Å"Yum cha†. Then, this traditional is important for people. Yum cha is a habit for most of local Hong Kong people. Some of them will go to yum cha once times per week. Or they will spend a whole morning to enjoy the meal with friends. In my family, we have a traditional, dad and mum bring me to yum cha in every Sunday, on that day, and they will spend 1 to 2 hours to yum cha, to have a little gathering for us. When I was young, my parents always ordered my favourite dim sum to me, and we have lots of interesting conversation. After that, my dad would give me the pocket money; it was a great time for me. Now, I was grow up, we may not go to yum cha in every Sunday now, if we feel free, we must go to yum cha. If we decide to yum cha, I will go to the Chinese restaurant wait for my parents and ordered their favourite dim sum. But technology influence, we would not talk a lot, I only focus on my telephone, and my parents only read the newspaper. It seems a bad effect for us, not only my family. Yum cha’s original meaning is a little gathering with relative or friends, and enjoys the dim sum. Nowadays, the meaning changed. Most of teenager just hold a smartphone, and keep going touch it, just focus on it, no conversation with family. Although, our traditional was altered, we will not have yum cha in every Sunday, I believe this traditional must go on, spend some time with family, is a most important thing in my life. Chinese like goes to yum cha with family, and care about family. When we feel free, we should not only focus on friends, technology but family.

Free Essays on Sun

The Sun daily newspaper is a success! It may not be every ones idea of a success; in fact to many The Sun is a disaster. This essay will explore the differences between these two views of what is the United Kingdoms largest circulation newspaper. It will reach into the past to discover its roots and follow its growth to the present day as Britain’s and possibly the Western worlds largest circulation of a Nation daily newspaper How national newspapers like the Sun ‘fit’ into the large media conglomerates and the restraints and freedoms encountered and enjoyed in an expanding world of media technology Whether this technology has created a fourth estate and as James Curran and Jean Seaton would have it ‘Power without Responsibility’. (2) Finally it will address the future of newspapers as we approach the 21st century The first object of the media, any media is to attract an audience. In this the Sun has certainly succeeded six days a week month in month out it has attracted that audience in large numbers. It was not always so! The Sun was built on the ashes, or rather the remains of the Old Daily Herald. The International Publishing Company, which had acquired Oldham’s shares in the paper in 1961, gained a controlling interest by persuading the Trade Union Council to part with their substantial holding in 1964. (3) Up to this time The Daily Herald with its links with labour, and part ownership by the T.U.C. was the sole remaining outright supporter of the labour party. It radical views attracted a mainly working class readership which compared to its capitalist rivals had a larger circulation than most, and certainly a more loyal one. However despite the fact that The Daily Herald had grown to be the daily newspaper with the largest circul... Free Essays on Sun Free Essays on Sun The Sun daily newspaper is a success! It may not be every ones idea of a success; in fact to many The Sun is a disaster. This essay will explore the differences between these two views of what is the United Kingdoms largest circulation newspaper. It will reach into the past to discover its roots and follow its growth to the present day as Britain’s and possibly the Western worlds largest circulation of a Nation daily newspaper How national newspapers like the Sun ‘fit’ into the large media conglomerates and the restraints and freedoms encountered and enjoyed in an expanding world of media technology Whether this technology has created a fourth estate and as James Curran and Jean Seaton would have it ‘Power without Responsibility’. (2) Finally it will address the future of newspapers as we approach the 21st century The first object of the media, any media is to attract an audience. In this the Sun has certainly succeeded six days a week month in month out it has attracted that audience in large numbers. It was not always so! The Sun was built on the ashes, or rather the remains of the Old Daily Herald. The International Publishing Company, which had acquired Oldham’s shares in the paper in 1961, gained a controlling interest by persuading the Trade Union Council to part with their substantial holding in 1964. (3) Up to this time The Daily Herald with its links with labour, and part ownership by the T.U.C. was the sole remaining outright supporter of the labour party. It radical views attracted a mainly working class readership which compared to its capitalist rivals had a larger circulation than most, and certainly a more loyal one. However despite the fact that The Daily Herald had grown to be the daily newspaper with the largest circul...

Australia Bushfire essays

Australia Bushfire essays Australia is the world's driest continent, and drought and bushfires are regular occurrences that, sadly, are a natural part of Australia's weather cycle. Australia has a history of severe bushfires. Such tragedies as the Ash Wednesday fires of February 1983 (71 deaths in Victoria and South Australia), the Tasmanian fires of February 1967 (62 lives, more than 1400 houses and buildings lost) and the New South Wales bushfires of 1994, place bushfires high on the list of Australia's natural disasters. But for now lets look at the huge bushfire occurred in 16th February 1983 (Ash Wednesday Bushfires). It was April 1982 to January 1983 in Victoria; the weather condition through these days was severe drought conditions and little rainfall, resulting in its driest period on record. A combination of dry grasslands and forests, very hot temperatures, low humidity and high wind gusts presented Victoria with a high bushfire risk. The temperature was 43 degrees Celsius on Ash Wednesday (16 February 1983), which caused huge bushfires that damaged/destroyed 2545 Building/house and huge amount of trees throughout the regions in Victoria. Also lots of lives got lost from fire. 75 (15 lives lost from firefighter) in total lives from fires, (47 lives in Victoria and 28 in South Australia) and there were hundreds of people injured due to their skin burnt. There were many other causes for fires including, clashing of electric power lines, tree branches connecting with power lines, fires being deliberately lit, and of course the weather. The fire started in Victoria at Cudgee and Branxholme and then the fire also started around Mount Macedon, Dandenong Range Cockatoo, Upper Beaconsfield and Belgrave Heights, Monivae, Branxholme, Warburton and in the Otways. The Fires were so big that it also spread around South Australia through Adelaide Hills and in farming country in the south east of the state. ...

Antecedents and Consequences of Decline in Trade Union Density

'Trade Union Membership in Australia has Declined Significantly Since the 1980s.   As a result,  Unions are becoming an Irrelevant Actor in Australian Employment Relations'. Drawing on Academic Research and Commentary,   Provide a Response to this statement.   In framing your argument, Consider the Antecedents and Consequences of the Decline in Trade Union Membership and Trade Union Density. In reconnoitring the factors that led to the emergence and fall of industrial labour in Australia, the present paper contends that support for unions initially surfaced from a working class which was an outcome of the nation’s uncommon economic past. In the 20 th century the incorporation of systems of mandatory arbitration, formulated to mediate industrial disputes, strengthened the support for labour unions. In the year 1948, the support for unionism was at its pinnacle. A long process of its fall started as the working cadre constituency that had supplied its social anchor fragmented due to structural transformations in the economy. The collapse of arbitration post-1986 aggravated this declining pattern, as did a rise in unwarranted employment and anti-union tactics of the employers (Docherty, 2010). The present essay reviews the literature on the fall in union density in Australia. Germane studies are critically analysed and compared, and the review brings to light the co mplexity of the issue, the necessity to avoid simplistic responses, and makes recommendations regarding the areas of study that most likely augment the comprehension of the sharp decline in unionisation. As per the Australian Bureau of Statistics figures of 2000, the fall in union membership in the nation, despite the attempts made by the Australian Council of Trade Unions to prevent further decline. While it is apparent that there is a reduction in union density, it is critical to evaluate the reasons behind it and what are the unions doing for combating such downward trend. In striving to handle the issue, it is significant to understand the major objectives of the union that draws members and the antecedents of the decline (Abbott, MacKinnon and Fallon, 2016). Australian unions were set up in the initial half of the 19 th , with growth starting in the post gold-rush age. It is from then that the most rapid growth of the period appears to have been in the decade of the 1880s, wherein affluent economic conditions and a constricted labour market were drivers making for the development of unions. The main goal of a union is to enhance the well-being and promote the interests of its members. They were created to offset the higher financial power of the employers (Cooper et al., 2009). It has long been acknowledged that the dominance over the market by the employers could be countered by employees acting jointly and instituting organisations to negotiate on their part. The most crucial function performed by the union was to maximise the salaries and wages of its members. There are several reasons why employees might join a union. However, three factors are apparent. They are; sense the advantages of unionism surpass the likely costs; displeasure with financial aspects of their job; and an intention to impact those facets of the work environment via union means. Despite the evident benefits of the union, the membership of Australian union has declined. As emphasised by Kaufman, (2008) unionism harvested a core place in the Australian community between 1921 and mid-1950s. Even in the profundity of the Great Depression, the membership never plummeted below 42.5%. Moreover, with the recovery of the economy during World War II, it garnered unprecedented support. Times have significantly changed. Two decades ago 50% of all employees were part of the union. Currently, the rate of unionisation is only 23%. Even the public sector, which was once a mainstay of union power, has witnessed a sharp decline in the density. In the epoch of feminization, computerization and casualization, de-unionization is perhaps the most considerable change to have to strike the labour market over the years. A sign of fall in union strength is the rarity of strikes (Holland et al., 2011). The number of days lost to industrial conflicts is only one-fourth of its level during the early 1980s. To fathom the transition, Bashur and Oc, (2015) posit that it is helpful to discard two common elucidations for union decline briefly. The first is that the density decreased due to the increasing scepticism of workers toward it. In effect, attitude tends to reflect union power. When the membership increased during the 1970s, Australians were more likely to say, pollsters, that th ey believed unions had extreme strength and less likely to consent that unions had been a great thing for the country. Correspondingly, as they started waning during the 1990s, the portion of individuals who believed that unions carried too much power decreased steadily (Docherty, 2010). The second argument which is made is that de-unionization was an outcome of the fall in real wages which happened under the Accord. Yet as Leigh, (2011) points out in his study The Decline of an Institution, this statement means that unionisation must have fallen more during the 1980s (when there was a decline in real wage) than the 1990s (when there was a rise in real wages). However, the opposite is true – the most drastic decline in unionisation happened during the 1990s. If not the Accord and attitudes then what led to union density witnessing the downward trend? The fall narrows down to four major factors: changes to the laws regulating unions, higher product market rivalry, growing inequality, and structural changes in the labour market. The most substantial factor in de-unionization in Australia has been transitions in the legal system regulating the unions.   Hodder and Kretsos (2015) state that between 1990 and 1995, conformist governments in five out of six states brought into effect a legislation intended to prohibit mandatory unionisation, promoting individual bargaining, and introducing changes to non-award coverage easier. Paradoxically, this was similar to the process that took place in the 1920s, when a series of state Labour governments enforced law in favour of wage arbitration and mandatory unionism, resulting in an upsurge in union membership. During the later half of the 1980s, over 50% of the union members needed to be a union member as their employment condition. In the 1990s, not any longer bound to be a member, a huge proportion opted to give up their membership (Leigh, 2011). Expectedly, the unions that bore the biggest brunt were those that were highest dependent on mandatory union laws. The ne w law was enforced from 1996 when the then government virtually eliminated mandatory unionism and made it challenging for the unions to hire and strike. The second most significant driver of de-unionization has been increasing competition. Driven by microeconomic reforms, revived Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and tariff cuts, the market for purchasing most goods and services are now considerably more competitive than during the 1970s. When companies have an oligopoly or monopoly situation, it is convenient for them to pay higher salaries to their workers. Prices are greater in non-competitive markets, and in economics’ jargon, this produces â€Å"rents†. The employers then share such â€Å"rents† with employees (Grenfell, 2017). When monopolies are split, and the marketplaces become competitive, employers have to cut costs. This puts pressure on the companies to follow powerful anti-union strategies to minimise the wage bill. The third argument for declining union diversity is the increase in earnings inequality. To comprehend how this works, it is crucial to acknowledge that unions not only aim greater wages but also for higher pay compression (Heidecker, 2013). This happens through standardised wage schedules, and claims that ask for an equal increase for every worker. Less pay distribution within an organisation also renders it easy for unions to form, as employees are likely to have mutual cause with those who get similar salaries. Economists have in general focused on the manner in which de-unionization impacts inequality (Bray, Waring and Cooper, 2011). In Australia, Jeff Borland found that 30% of the rise in earnings disparity among permanent males between 1986 and 1994 can be elucidated by falling unionisation. However, the opposite can also be true. If disparity increased (owing to globalisation, technological change, or other factors), unions are likely to find it difficult to create an effectiv e coalition between highly-paid and low-paid employees. The probability of two employees both earning $20 per hour joining the union is higher than if one make $10 and the other $30 (Koukoulas, 2015). The last factor is structural labour market changes. Throughout the developed economies, unions have an easier time hiring in the public sector, the manufacturing sector, among permanent employees and in big companies. The emergence of the service sector, casualization of the labor force, downscaling of government and the surfacing of SMEs are all transformations that disadvantage unions (Forsyth et al., 2017). To examine the impact of the above-mentioned factors, Peetz, (2012) used a method called â€Å"shift-share analysis†, and concluded that they were responsible for nearly 50% of the fall during 1982-92, however, do not elucidate much of the decline since then. As the drop-in unionisation has been quicker in the 1990s as compared to the 1980s, this demotes structural changes to a minor role in describing the overall drop in unionisation in the last 37 years. Evidence propose that voting by union members is being done with their feet and that other systems are emerging to replace them. The proportion of companies with mutual consultative committees grew two times between 1990 and 1995, and the number of companies with ad-hoc employer-employee committees also increased considerably. Requirements that once only unions could meet are now addressed by new organisations (Davis, 2010). The macro and microeconomic impacts of the plummeting strength of unions have been debated by policymakers and economists. Nonetheless, the empirical evidence suggests that the effect of the drop on economic aggregates and company performance is not a devastating cause of concern. However, the relationship of falling union strength with increasing earning disparity and the minimising direct communication between employees and employers is potentially more troublesome (Kelty, 2011). For the period of 1995-2010, the coefficient estimate for the alteration in union strength is negative and insignificant statistically, proposing that transitions in union density were no longer connected to redistribution. It is reported by Toscano (2015) that union fall since the 1980s has been accompanied by alterations in the union members’ position in income diffusion. It is speculated that, since the position of an average union member has improved with a decline in density, union members are also no longer very supportive of redistributive policies and wage solidarity. Hence, the disparity issue might stay, but the role played unions is more controversial. Though companies in competitive labour markets might undersupply workers’ voice, but it does not mean that independent unionism is the solution, either from an employee standpoint, or the practicable interest of strengthening productivity. In fact, many researchers have identified that the drop in union voice has been coupled with a substantial growth in non-union voice, such that the total exposure of voice mechanisms has been stable and high (Furze et al., 2011). In short, Australian workers have selected non-union voice over no voice at all. In addition to this evaluating voice regimes, non-union voice overshadows union voice for a series of perceived result indicators – financial performance, productivity, and industrial relations climate – if not turnover. This provides credibility to the con cept that management has a motivation of investing in non-union voice, although such positive scene is muddled by comparisons between voice types (Schaper, 2014).    With the waning of unions, today’s labour markets of Australia are closer to the theoretical models of competitive markets than they were during the 1970s. This is mainly because of a succession of legal changes that have rendered it difficult for unions to organise, but also owing to higher competition in the markets, growing wage disparity and alterations in the composition of the workforce. It is extremely unlikely that any of these alterations will be inversed. More Australians are now employed in sectors that have always had less union strength. Employment in conventionally powerful union sectors like the public sector and the manufacturing sector are being substituted by jobs in service industries and community-based establishments that have low union density. Permanent employees are being substituted by casual and part-time workers, and such types of employment have lower rates of union membership. More of the labor force has become contractors, self-employed or employe d in small businesses and do not perceive union membership as important. Abbott, K., MacKinnon, B and Fallon, P. 2016. Understanding employment relations. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Addison, T. J. 2014. The consequences of trade union power erosion. IZA World of Labor. Bashur, M and Oc, B. 2015.   When voice matters: A multilevel review of the impact of voice in organisations.   Journal of Management, 41(5): 1530-54. Bray, M., Waring, P. and Cooper, R. 2011. Employment Relations: Theory and Practice. Sydney: McGraw-Hill. Cooper, R., Ellem, B., Briggs, C., and Broek, D. 2009. Anti-unionism, employer strategy, and the Australian State, 1996–2005. Labor Studies Journal, 34(3): 339–62. Davis, M. 2010. Unions face fight on a new front. (September 22, Sydney). Accessed March 29, 2017. Docherty, C. J. 2010. The A to Z of Australia. Rowman & Littlefield. Forsyth, A., Howe, J., Gahan, P. and Landau, I. 2017. Establishing the Right to Bargain Collectively in Australia and the UK: Are Majority Support Determinations under Australia’s Fair Work Act a More Effective Form of Union Recognition? Industrial Law Journal. Furze, B., Savy, P., Brym, J. R. and Lie, J. 2011. Sociology in Today’s World. Cengage Learning. Grenfell, O. 2017. Australian report highlights collapse of union membership. 19 January. World Socialist Website. . Viewed 29 March 2017.   Heidecker, P. 2013. Four Reasons For The Decline In Union Membership. 24 April. Clean Link. . Viewed 29 March 2017. Hodder, A. and Kretsos, L. 2015. 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